Mashed Articles

Online apps let you become more productive on the move, doing away with software installation entirely.

Thanks to the ubiquity of internet access, web-based applications are taking off like never before. Beyond the realms of Twitter and Facebook lurks a fresh and vibrant world of online software that’s designed to run anywhere on our connected planet.

As the distinction between computers, mobile devices and the internet continues to blur, web applications are coming into their own, becoming globally important services. These are sites that do one useful thing and do it well.

But sites promoting applications have been around for donkey’s years, you might say. What’s the difference between a web app and an application that’s available for download on the web? Well, web apps are applications that run over the internet. So unlike the free utilities hosted on Sourceforge or similar, there’s no download, installation or configuration to carry out, nor hours of frustration to endure while you try to find the right libraries to compile them. Just point your browser at the relevant website and it will do the rest.

Outside of the box

Freed from the restrictions of an operating system’s windowing subsystem, software designers can allow their imaginations to run riot. Interfaces that owe more to high-tech thrillers than to Windows, Linux or Mac OS X are beginning to appear. Also emerging are more intuitive drag-and-drop interfaces that require at most a few seconds of exploration to get you going. Software use is slowly evolving and becoming as much about discovery and experimentation as it used to be about reading manuals and clicking options.

In this special roundup, we bring you 10 cool web apps that all share these traits. It’s a diverse bunch, ranging from future essentials to those that you’ll need infrequently. They all exhibit the sort of rich functionality that is beginning to appear through the medium of web browsers, and remove the need to download and install an application suite. If you want something, it’s probably already been written, and so we’ve also included a site that will help you to find other incredible web applications. Happy browsing!

Newsmap

Newsmap is a global news aggregator site like no other, and it’s almost guaranteed to get people peering over your shoulder as you use it. The app presents a page covered in blocks of different sizes. Each represents a story, coloured by subject. Newsmap takes input from news feeds and then gives the stories that are more prominent bigger boxes on-screen, a little like a tag cloud. Simply move your mouse over a story to see its details and a link to the original article.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Instapaper

Instapaper is a way of bookmarking long web pages so that you can read them when you have time later on. The URLs are stored in Instapaper’s central database, so you can access them from anywhere. A range of iPhone apps support it, as does the Kindle, making it flexible and a great way of keeping hold of interesting things to read on long journeys. To use Instapaper, drag and drop the ‘Read Later’ icon onto your toolbar. When you subsequently find a page you want to save, just click the icon.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Lovely Charts

There are plenty of times when you need access to some good chart-drawing software for just half an hour. However, it’s usually supplied as part of a far larger application. Lovely Charts is different. It’s a free web app that creates some very lovely charts indeed. After signing up and creating a new document, you simply drag and drop symbols and connectors from a range of predefined types to create the chart you want – anything from a simple flowchart to a complex route map.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Bing Visual Search

Bing’s Visual Search capability is still in beta, but it’s already showing promise as a new way to search the expanding universe of information out there. On the main Bing page, click the ‘Visual Search’ link. Search categories are organised into galleries, and everything is point-and-click. Instead of typing in your search term, you simply click the relevant picture. The list of galleries is still small, but it’s an interesting glimpse of what could be to come.

PC Plus Verdict: 3.5/5

Fonolo

Calling Fonolo a work of genius is perhaps a little strong, but if you’re heartily sick of wading through phone menus to talk to a human being then it probably comes close. Fonolo walks you through company phone systems to find a human voice. If a company isn’t listed, you can add your own, and test the service by calling special test hardware set up by the developers. Ideal for Skype users, Fonolo’s is also available for the iPhone, which should see its popularity rise further.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Netvibes

Netvibes allows you to create what it calls a dashboard for your interests. Unlike a simple RSS feed reader, the app has a large number of widgets that present feeds from your favourite sites in a highly editable form, making it very customisable. Netvibes is also partly a social-networking service. People can follow you and read your public page if their interests are the same as yours. For the sake of privacy, you can also set up a private page with feeds that only you can see.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Floor Planner

People are crazy about home improvement at the moment, but good, free planning software is hard to find. The free version of Floor Planner allows you to create a plan, make specific rooms and then decide where to place the windows, doors and any of a large number of items of furniture. You can inspect your work in 3D from any angle to see exactly how your ideal home would look. You can then save your work and send it straight to your architect – easy peasy!

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Wakoopa

The brainchild of Dutch founders Wouter Broekhof and Robert Gaal, Wakoopa is a social-networking site that is designed to help its users discover new web apps and other software they might enjoy. It does so by first searching for people that use the same apps and installed software as you do. It then finds the software they use but you don’t, and which they rate highly. These it recommends to you. But how does Wakoopa know what software you and others use? A downloadable tracker monitors the sites you visit and the installed applications you use.

Every 15 minutes, it sends this information to your Wakoopa profile for those on your contacts list to take a look at. When your contacts search for new apps, this information is cross-matched with their own to generate a selection of software recommendations picked especially for them.

It’s a simple idea, and one that lets you explore an ever-expanding universe of web apps and installable applications and utilities without ever having to spend hours scouring the web for information – plus you know that none of the programs will turn out to be malware.

Explore and amaze

Once the tracker is installed, right-clicking on the Wakoopa icon in the system tray enables you to suggest a new application that others may like to try. To keep the underlying database free of spam, any suggestions you make that aren’t either installed apps or something that runs in your browser will not be accepted.

When you find a particularly intriguing application in Wakoopa that you’ve never heard of before, clicking on its symbol opens a page giving its details, alternatives that you might like to try and – perhaps most importantly – both good and bad comments from its existing users. This enables you to quickly make decisions about whether to use the app without the frustration of downloading and installing it, only to later discover that it’s not for you.

As well as relying on custom recommendations generated via your contacts list, you can also use the Wakoopa search box to simply enter an application field, making software experimentation as easy and hassle-free as it could ever possibly be.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

RescueTime

You’re in the middle of writing an important email but the right words won’t come, so you decide to spend a couple of minutes reading your friends’ statuses on Facebook to clear your head. By the time you’re finished, you fancy having a look at what the celebrities on Twitter are up to. News doesn’t read itself, so it’s off to the RSS feeds next, stopping on the way back to drop by a hobby forum. Armed with more coffee after posting a detailed rebuttal of another forum member’s argument, it’s time to check Facebook again for any replies, and perhaps to glance at Twitter again to make sure that Stephen Fry hasn’t unexpectedly returned. What began as a break to clear your head has somehow blossomed into over an hour of wasted time.

With so many cool new web apps appearing, distractions can only get worse. Some are great for getting things done, but without that vital pinch of self-control, we risk becoming ever busier while paradoxically achieving far less. RescueTime promises to show you how you spend your time online, and also to help you develop the increasingly important skill of self-control.

After installing a Data Collector plug-in, you tell RescueTime the three most distracting and three most productive things you do online. Data Collector then logs the time you spend using your local apps as well as the websites you visit, and can even monitor which of your browser tabs is active. You can also tell it to ignore the time you spend away from the PC so that you get an accurate view of your working day.

Once the Data Collector plug-in has gathered enough data, you can go to your RescueTime account and view detailed reports containing information on everything from the sites you visit to how efficiently you use your time based on how you categorise your activities.

The personal Solo Lite version of the service is free. The paid-for Solo Pro edition ($6 to $9 a month) allows you to block unproductive websites when you visit them too much, and alerts you when Data Collector notices you’re spending too much time dodging work. But you don’t need to splash out: the free service provides a fascinating insight, and helps you to learn a skill that will surely become as essential as using a search engine.

PC Plus Verdict: 4/5

Linux doesn’t have a CEO. Consequently, there’s no annual keynote hosted by a charismatic alpha male. But if it did, and if there were a conference covering the first half of this year, the first speech would start with three words: ‘Linux is winning’.

Firstly, a market research firm in the US called The NPD Group revealed that sales of Google’s Android platform overtook those of Apple’s iPhone in the first quarter of 2010, propelling itself into second place behind the waning RIM. Android is becoming increasingly competitive, spanning both the smartphone and the emerging tablet markets, with devices from Dell and HP on the near horizon. This might be why Apple has started a patent infringement lawsuit against HTC, using many of its Android-based phones as physical exhibits in its litigation.

Secondly, Google announced its intention to open source the VP8 video codec. This was acquired when it bought On2 earlier in the year and it will be used alongside Vorbis and the MKV container to create Google’s WebM video format. This is vitally important for Linux. The nascent H.264 format, as used by Apple and many HTML5 video streams, is encumbered by patents, and current open-source implementations live under the shadow of legislation. VP8 and WebM have the potential to match it for quality, and while WebM will undoubtedly attract similar litigious trouble, having an umbrella the size of Google should satisfy many Linux distributions, especially when Mozilla, Opera and Adobe have already pledged their support.

Finally, the UK’s new coalition government has published its Programme for Government. There are two points in the section on Transparency that are great news for free software. One states, “We will create a level playing field for open-source software,” while the other adds, “We will ensure that all data published by public bodies is published in an open and standardised format, so that it can be used easily and with minimal cost by third parties.” If these promises come true, it will transform attitudes to open-source software and Linux, and hopefully open the door for its use within government and schools, two areas where it’s ideal.

Many of us used to think that for Linux to be judged a success, it had to be installed and running on more desktop computers than Microsoft Windows. And there are great swathes of Linux users who still feel the same way. But the world of computing has changed. There’s more than one way of judging the success of something that started as just a good idea.

Windows, Linux and OS X are survivors. They’ve lasted this long because they exist within their own ecosystems. Linux, for example, is fed by a curious mixture of enterprise investment, embedded hardware vendors and a community brimming full of zealous commitment. There’s a low-cost threshold to entry and a subsystem that maintains itself with very little investment. It’s these factors that have shaped how it looks, how it feels and how it’s operated.

The ecosystems inhabited by both Microsoft and Apple are equally well-adapted to their environments. The former is the domain of the utilitarians, offering straight functionality for an up-front price. The latter is an increasingly important fusion of fashion and function. But things have changed. The borders between the ecosystems have become indistinct. Apple has surpassed Microsoft in market value, winning thousands of new fans through it’s no-fuss interfaces and lower prices. There’s a shift in the balance of power.

And thanks to Google, Linux is becoming less free and less open, proving that in the new markets where it’s having the most commercial success, it’s becoming more like Apple. ROMs are encrypted and need to be rooted for user-hacking, third-party applications have to be sold through a single vendor and personal information is held in the cloud by a sole provider. If Linux wants a taste of similar success, it might find it if it makes similar concessions to a user’s freedom.

But then we’d have failed. The Linux ecosystem would have become too polluted, bogged down by sponsored kernel additions, paid-for support and short life cycles. It may be a commercial success, but no longer an active one. Our hypothetical CEO might make further compromises, and make judgements against the interest of Linux users. Which is exactly why we don’t have a CEO, and exactly why the success of open-source software is so difficult to judge using the same language as its competitors.

Any operating system that contains the letters B, S and D usually conjures images of geeky elitism, arcane interfaces and the undead world of UNIX. Despite its similarity, this is an image Linux has largely been able to shake off, thanks to its friendly graphical installers and configuration tools. But BSDs can offer a unique insight into what has made Linux popular, as well as an opportunity to hone your command-line and trouble shooting skills in a world that might be getting too easy. And while you do need a little technical confidence to get any BSD system up and running, it’s not half as difficult as it first appears.

FreeBSD is not as demonic as its logo might suggest. Honest.

FreeBSD is a the most popular implementation of version 4.4 of the Berkeley Software Distribution. This was the original BSD, a version of UNIX that was developed between the late-70s and the mid-90s and used a famously liberal licence. This licence has meant that anyone can use, copy and redistribute and re-implement its code and APIs. Which is exactly what FreeBSD attempts to do, alongside other projects like OpenBSD and NetBSD. In turn, there are many projects like Apple’s OS X that build upon the foundations in FreeBSD, all thanks to the liberal licences of the original.

Step 1: Prologue

There are several important differences between FreeBSD and Linux, but the most fundamental is the kernel. The term ‘Linux’ is most often used to refer to the entire operating system, from the boot code and drivers to the desktop and the applications. We’d call Ubuntu, Fedora and OpenSUSE different versions of Linux, for instance. But this definition isn’t accurate. ‘Linux’ should only really refer to the kernel – the chunk of code at the heart of the system that deals with hardware, networking, drivers, storage, CPU and process management, and the BSD kernel is entirely different.

The Linux kernel that was originally developed by Linus Torvalds, and it’s still the only part of the whole operating system he has control over. The remainder of what makes a complete operating system, the windowing environment, the desktops and the applications, are pulled from open source project that are mostly using one of the the GNU Public Licences. Hence, the official name for the entire Linux operating system is really GNU/Linux to show that there are two parts of the whole project. Which is why replacing the kernel isn’t a trivial operation.

Don’t be scared of text mode. It’s part of Linux’s legacy, and serves a very useful purpose.

Any new kernel needs to be broadly compatible with Linux so that the remainder of the software stack can be ported without too much difficulty. Fortunately, both FreeBSD and Linux are UNIX-alike, which means there are many similarities, and the result is that with a standard installation, you’ll find many of the tools you’re already familiar with, albeit in a different configuration.

Many system administrators feel FreeBSD is has been a more stable choice for servers over the years, and that it can out-perform its cousin on certain tasks. It’s also a great choice if you want to run a server on limited hardware, as the requirements for a BSD-based system are often less than for the Linux equivalent. FreeBSD, for example, lists its minimum requirements as a 486 CPU with 24MB RAM, which is quite staggering in today’s world of terabytes and quad core processors. FreeBSD is also a i386-based platform. There are ports to other processors, but the project’s focus has always been compatibility with Intel’s standard architecture, and as a result, could be better suited to the majority of machines that parts of the Linux kernel.

Step 2: Installation

While there are Live CD versions of FreeBSD, the traditional install disc is still the most common medium for getting hold of the latest version. But you’ll need to steel yourself against its antiquated installation mechanism.

When you boot your machine with the disc in the drive, the first thing you’ll see is the black and white ASCII art of the install menu. You won’t see any other graphical embellishment until you’re able to boot successfully into a working desktop. For most installs, you’ll need to choose option 1 from the menu, but if you’re using an older machine, you may want to try 2 (with ACPI disabled) to avoid any potential problems.

Unlike trial Linux installation packages like Wubi, installing BSD has a tendency to be destructive. Make sure you’re not going to obliterate anything important before continuing.

You’ll then have to wait a few moments while various kernel messages scroll by before you’ll see the text-based installation and configuration screen. If you’ve used Debian, this kind of text installer will feel familiar. There’s no linearity to the install process. You can move backwards and forwards through the various options, and continue to make adjustments to the installation until you quit the installer and restart the system.

For a basic, working environment, you will need to do at least the following. Select the second option in the menu to initiate a ‘Standard Install’ and read the information on the screen that follows. The next page displays ‘fdisk’, the disk partitioning and formatting tool. Press F1 for documentation, but if you’re using your entire hard drive for this installation, press ‘a’ to select everything, followed by ‘q’ to apply the changes. This will delete everything currently on the drive, so be careful.

The next page will ask if you want to install a boot loader, which is the menu that lets you choose between whatever operating systems you have installed. Choose the second option (BootMGR), and on the following page, you need to create the various partitions used by FreeBSD using the same fdisk-like interface we’ve just seen.

Once again, if you’re using an entire drive for the installation, you can just press ‘a’ to let the installer create the most appropriate array of partitions followed by ‘q’ to make the changes permanent.

The next page will ask you to choose a distribution. Unlike a Linux distribution, FreeBSD uses the term to refer to the default selection of packages that are to be installed. Select ‘Custom’ and add ‘base’ and ‘kernels > GENERIC’ to your installation.

This will give you enough package to get a working system, and we’ll need to add the desktop environment at a later stage. Return to the ‘Exit’ option at the top of the list and press space to jump into the package installation routine.

Step 3: Post-Install

After all the preliminary configuration has completed, you’ll be asked whether you want to configure any Ethernet or SLIP/PPP devices. Select ‘Yes’ if you are connecting to the internet through your machine’s ethernet port, and you should see your adaptor listed in the top of thew connections list. Choose the adaptor, say no to IPV6, say yes to DHCP and skip through the configuration page to the OK button. Say ‘no’ to your machine being a network gateway,’no’ to enabling any inetd services or running SSH, FTP and NFS server and clients, and don’t edit the console settings. You can safely setup a timezone for your machine and enable the PS2 mouse emulation if you’re using one.

Don’t worry too much about your initial selection of packages. You can easily add more later.

Say ‘Yes’ to the next question, and you’ll now be looking at the package manager. This is where you choose what applications you want to be installed on top of the default option we chose earlier, and there are thousands of packages to choose between. For a simple setup, jump into the ‘x11’ menu and select the ‘kde4-4.3.1′ package. It’s exact name will depend on the version of FreeBSD you’re playing with. If you’re not a fan of Gnome, you could also choose ‘gnome2-2’ from the same list of packages. Selecting either will also mark their dependencies for installation. You also need to select xorg-7, and any other packages you know you’re going to need.

When you’re ready to go, jump back to the top package list, select ‘Install’ and press space. You’ll need to wait a while for all the packages to install. The next step is to create a user account. You can do this by saying ‘Yes’ to the option, then selecting ‘Add User’, and entering a user name in the page that follows. Select OK to make the change permanent and exit from the users and groups menu. You’ll then be asked for the system manager’s password, and you’ll need to type this twice.

After that, you can say ‘No’ to the post-install configuration request and wait for your machine to reboot. You’re now at the point where you should have a basic, working installation, and you can quit from the installation menu and restart your system.

Step 4: Configuration

When your machine re-appears, you’ll be greeted by the sombre monochrome of the command line. Login as ‘root’ with your system manager’s password. For both Gnome and KDE, you need to add the following two lines to the ‘/etc/rc.conf’ configuration file:

dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"

Unfortunately, you’re going to need to use the ‘vi’ text editor. Type ‘vi /etc/rc.conf’ to load the file. Press ‘i’ to enter insert mode, move to a new line and type the following. Press escape to exit insert mode, followed by ‘:wq’ (without quotes) to save the changes and quit the editor. Next type ‘reboot’ to restart your system.

FreeBSD doesn’t come with a desktop activated by default, but it’s simple enough to change.

When you get back to the login screen, enter your user account details this time, and when you get dropped back to the command line, type ‘vi .xinitrc’ and add the following line to the file:

exec /usr/local/kde4/bin/startkde4

This is telling your system that when the X.org graphical system starts, you want KDE to be used as your desktop environment. Save and exit vi.

Step 5: Launch Desktop

Usually, at this point, you need to create an ‘xorg.conf’ file to define the display properties for your machine. But recent releases of the X server are able to create a working configuration without any further editing. Which means typing ‘startx’ is all you need to do to launch a graphical environment running KDE. If this doesn’t work, then you will need to create create a working /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.

But with FreeBSD 8, it’s more likely that you are now looking at KDE running through its Akanadi porting routines as it builds up a configuration for your desktop. After a couple of minutes, this will leave you with a KDE desktop running on-top of FreeBSD, and you’ve just earned another trophy for your awards cabinet.

At long last: a GUI! And one of the more stable interfaces you’ll find. Here’s hoping BSD serves you well.

This is exactly the same KDE you’ll find on Linux, and you’ll be hard pressed to find any difference between the way it works on FreeBSD and the way it works with Kubuntu. It’s only when it comes to system configuration that you’ll notice because FreeBSD doesn’t have any graphical configuration tools, which means if you need to change anything, you’ve got to be prepared to go back to the command line. But that’s another story.

See also: PC-BSD 8.0

If you’ve followed the main text to install a shiny new version of FreeBSD, you might have noticed that the install mechanism really wasn’t all that shiny or new. It reality, it feels ancient. But this doesn’t mean that the operating system has been languishing unloved and undeveloped, it just means that making the installer easier to use is low on the priority list.

Fortunately, this being open source, demand for a better way of doing things has led to several alternatives, the best of which is PC-BSD, which you’ll find at www.pcbsd.org. It does several impressive things. Firstly, it replaces the tepid monochrome installer of FreeBSD with a graphical application much-more in-line with its Linux counterparts. It will also automatically install and configure a recent version of the KDE desktop, which should mean you can get productive with a FreeBSD system as quickly as possible, without touching the command line, and there’s a wonderful wiki full of helpful documentation.

This means you can install PC-BSD by placing the disc in the drive, rebooting your machine, answer the questions that appear and wait for the operating system to install. You won’t even need to worry about manually partitioning your drive unless you want to create a custom configuration.

Another important difference is that it PC-BSD doesn’t use the same package management as FreeBSD, although you can still get to it if you need to. Instead, package are available as single files with the ‘.pbi’ file extension, which can then me installed with a simple click. It’s more like how packages are handled on OS X, and is far better than the weird world of dependencies you find on Linux.